Section · 25% of MCAT

Bio / Biochem

Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems

Tests how living systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ-system level. Heavy on biochemistry, cellular biology, physiology, and integration across systems.

Most questions are passage-based, often around a research study. You'll need to interpret data, apply concepts, and connect biology to biochemistry.

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Topics covered
01

Biochemistry foundations

  • ·Amino acids & protein structure
  • ·Enzyme kinetics (Km, Vmax)
  • ·Enzyme inhibition
  • ·Protein folding & denaturation
02

Cellular metabolism

  • ·Glycolysis & gluconeogenesis
  • ·Krebs cycle & ETC
  • ·ATP yield calculations
  • ·Fatty acid metabolism
03

Molecular biology

  • ·DNA replication
  • ·Transcription & translation
  • ·Mutations & repair
  • ·Gene regulation
04

Genetics

  • ·Mendelian patterns
  • ·Non-Mendelian inheritance
  • ·Population genetics
  • ·Hardy-Weinberg
05

Cell biology

  • ·Membrane transport
  • ·Cell signaling
  • ·Cell cycle & mitosis
  • ·Apoptosis
06

Organ systems

  • ·Cardiovascular & respiratory
  • ·Renal physiology
  • ·Endocrine & feedback loops
  • ·Nervous system
07

Immunology

  • ·Innate vs adaptive immunity
  • ·Antibody structure & function
  • ·T cell vs B cell
08

Microbiology

  • ·Bacterial structure & reproduction
  • ·Viral life cycles
  • ·Microbial classification
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